Method and apparatus for making a rising hinge

ABSTRACT

The tubular barrels of a rising hinge having a loose pin are shaped in a tubular die in which an obliquely inclined annular face of an internal shoulder divides the die bore into two portions of different uniform cross section, by inserting a metal blank into the wider bore portion and partly extruding the metal through the orifice in the annular face into the second, narrower bore portion. The wider portion of the intermediate metal body so obtained which duplicates the shape of the annular face, is drilled out to a cross section greater than that of the narrower bore portion so that the narrower metal portion is severed from the now-tubular wider portion of the metallic body.

Unite States Patent Inventors Appl. No.

Filed Patented Assignee Priority METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ARISING HINGE 6 Claims, 7 Drawing Figs.

IU.S.C1 72/254, 72/260, 29/11 lnt. Cl B21c 23/00 Field of Search 29/1 1Primary Examiner-Charles W. Lanham Assistant Examiner-Michael J. KeenanAttorney-Low and Herman ABSTRACT: The tubular barrels of a rising hingehaving a loose pin are shaped in a tubular die in which an obliquelyinclined annular face of an internal shoulder divides the die bore intotwo portions of different uniform cross section, by inserting a metalblank into the wider bore portion and partly extruding the metal throughthe orifice in the annular face into the second, narrower bore portion.The wider portion of the intermediate metal body so obtained whichduplicates the shape of the annular face, is drilled out to a crosssection greater than that of the narrower bore portion so that thenarrower metal portion is severed from the now-tubular wider portion ofthe metallic body.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A RISING, HINGE This invention relatesto rising hinges, and particularly to a method of forming a hingeelement for such a hinge, and to a shaping arrangement for performingthe method.

The two principal elements of conventional rising hinges are barrelswhich are connected by a pin for relative angular movement about acommon axis and have abuttingly engaged annular cam faces which areobliquely inclined relative to the common axis. When the two hingeelements move relative to each other about the axis while the cam facesare held in axially abutting engagement, the barrels are also shiftedaxially with respect to each other. Hinges of the type described arecommonly used in doors which are desired to move spontaneously into oneor two stable positions relative to an associated doorframe when swungaway from a stable position and then released, and the invention will bedescribed hereinafter with reference to the making of a hinge elementfor such a door, but other applications will readily come to mind, andthe applications of the hinge are not themselves relevant to thisinvention.

The cam faces on the hinge barrels are relatively complex in shape, andit has been usual heretofore to machine the hinge barrels or at leastthe cam faces from suitable metal stock by means ofa copying lathe orlike equipment. Hinge barrels hav ing less precisely shaped cam faceshave been obtained by bending an approximately chevron-shaped flat blankabout a cylindrical mandrel and joining the axialedges of the bentblank. Both known methods are relatively slow and costly, and theresults of the last-mentioned method are not always satisfactory unlessgreat care is taken in preparing and bending the blank.

An object of the invention is the provision of a method of forming ahinge element of the type described which is not more or even lesscostly than the last-described known I method, yet produces hingeelements whose cam faces are as precisely shaped as when made onagoodcopying lathe.

Another object is the provision of a shaping arrangement for performingthe aforedescribed method.

The shaping arrangement of the invention may consist mainly of a diebody and of meansfor extruding a plastically deformable material in thedie body. The latter is formed with an elongated, substantially straightbore having an open end and has a shoulder in the bore separatinga firstlongitudinal portion of the bore, which extends inward from the openend, from a second longitudinal portion smaller in cross-section thanthe first portion. The shoulder has, an annular face which is directedtoward the open end of the bore and defines an orifice of the secondbore portion. A circumferential part of the annular face is obliquelyinclined relative to the directionof elongation of the bore.

The extruding means include a plunger member dimensioned for movement inthe first bore portion in conforming engagement with the die body, and apress mechanism for forcing the plunger member inward of the boreagainst the re sistance of plastically deformable material introducedinto the first bore portion, whereby the material is extruded throughtheorifice in the annular face from the first bore portion into thesecond bore portion.

In performing the method of the invention, a suitably dimensionedmetallic blank may be introduced into" the aforementioned first boreportion, and the plunger member forced inward of the bore by the pressmechanism until one portion of the metal is extruded through the orificewhile another portion of the metal conformingly engages the annular faceand an inner wall of the die body contiguously adjacent the annular facein the first bore portion to produce a metallic body which reproducesthe shape of the bore and of the annular face.

This metallic body, if so desired, may further be formed with a passagethcrethrough in a direction corresponding to LII the elongation of thebore in which the body was formed. When the cross section of the passageis greater than that of the second bore portion in the die body, butsmaller than that of the first, the wider portion of the metallic bodybecomes tubular, and the narrow portion is severed from the widerportion.

Other features, additional objects, and many of the attendant advantagesof the invention will readily become apparent from the followingdetailed description of preferred embodiments when considered inconnection with the appended drawing.

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 is an exploded, elevational view of a rising hinge partly madeaccording to this invention, a phantom view of the assembled hinge beingsuperimposed on the exploded view;

FIG. 2 shows a first type of door provided with the hinge of FIG. 1 inplan section;

FIG. 3 shows a second type of door in a view corresponding to that ofFIG. 2;

FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate a primary shaping arrangement for makingelements of the hinge of FIG. l in elevational section in threeconsecutive operating positions; and

FIG. 7 illustrates a secondary shaping arrangement in elevationalsection.

Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is shown a basically conventionalrising hinge with the manufacture of which this invention is morespecifically concerned. The hinge has three barrels l, 2, 4 which arenormally coaxially connected by a loose, cylindrical hinge pin 3. Thebarrels l, 2 have respective, externally threaded, radial mounting studs5, 6, and a smooth stud 7 radially projects from the barrel 3.

The bore of the barrel 1 is plugged at one axial end, and-the otheraxial end-has an annular cam face 8. As is evident from jointconsideration of FIGS. 1 and 4, the cam face has two diametricallyopposite, circumferential portions which extend in two axially spacedradiallplanes and are connected by two diametrically opposite, obliquelyinclined or helical face portions which connectthe two first'mentionedportions and extend between the two radial planes of the same. Theoblique face portions are respective, parts of a righthanded and of aleft-handed helix about the hinge axis.

The bore of the barrel 2 is open at both ends. A cam face 9 about oneaxial end of the bore is identical with the cam-face 8.

. and shaped to permit full area contact of the two cam faces 8,

9 in a selected angular position of the coaxial barrels l, 2. The otherannular, radial end face of the barrel 2 is flat for abutting engagementwith a similar end face at one axial end of the barrel 4. The other endof the barrel 4 is plugged or otherwise closed so as to retain the pin 3in the aligned bores of the barrels in the assembled condition of thehinge indicated in chaindotted lines.

The manner of using the hinge of' FIG. I in doors is illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3. A door 10, of which only an upright. edge portion isseen, is inserted flush in a similarly illustrated. doorframe l 1. Thegap between the door andframe is covered by a molding 12. The axis ofthe hinge is located in the upright plane of the gap. The stud 6 isthreaded into the doorframe II, and the smooth stud 7 is received in acorresponding blind bore of the frame in a common vertical plane withthe stud 6. The stud 5 is threaded into the door 10 and is offsetfromthe stud 6 relative to the hinge axis by approximately The illustratedarrangement permits the door 110 to be swung or slightly more clockwisefrom the illustrated position out of the frame 11. It will beappreciated that more than one hinge of the type shown in FIG. I isnormally used for connecting a door and an associated frame.

FIG. 3 shows a swinging door I3 attached to a doorframe I4 by one ormore hinges of the type shown; in FIG. I, whose studs 5, 6, 7 are driveninto the narrow edges of the door 13 and of the frame 14 in a commonplane, thus permitting the door 13 to be swung clockwise orcounterclockwise from the illustrated position through angles of morethan 90.

The studs 5 and 6 are oriented relative to the cam faces 8, 9 in such amanner that the doors 10, 13 reach their lowest position in desiredstable, angular relationships to the associated frames 11, 14, while thecam faces 8, 9 make contact with each other over their full respectiveareas. The stable positions of the doors are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.Angular displacement of a door from the illustrated position through anangle of less than 180 causes the door to ride upward on the cam face 9of the associated barrel 2, and to revert by gravity to the illustratedposition when released. When the door is swung fully open, it staysopen.

The hinge barrels l, 2 are made as partly shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, and thebarrel 4 may be prepared simultaneously, In the first barrel-shapingstep illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6, there is employed an upright tubulardie 16 whose bore is of stepped, generally cylindrical shape. A firstlongitudinal portion of the bore extends inward from the open top end ofthe bore to a shoulder of the die whose upwardly directed annular face17 is practically identical in shape and dimensions with theaforedescribed cam face 9. The face 17 defines the upper orifice of thesecond bore portion 18, also cylindrical and coaxial with the first boreportion 15, but smaller in cross section. The third or lowermost portion22 of the bore in the die is cylindrical and smaller in diameter thanthe second portion 18 with which it is coaxial. The bore portion 22extends to the lower open end of the bore, and is axially aligned with acorresponding bore or opening in the lower horizontal platen 25 of ahydraulic press, not otherwise shown, on which the die 16 rests.

In making a hinge barrel, a cylindrical metal slug or blank 19approximately conforming to the first bore portion 15 is inserted intothe same and forced inward of the bore by the flat bottom face of acylindrical plunger 20 attached to the nonillustrated upper platen ofthe hydraulic press, as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 4. The plunger 20is received in the bore portion 15 with'a close sliding fit. The blank19 is too big to move as a whole through the orifice in the face 17. Asthe pressure of the press on the plunger 20 is increased, a portion 19'of the metal in the blank is extruded through the orifice into the boreportion 18 while the metal remaining in the first bore portion 15conformingly engages the annular face 17 and the inner wall of the diein the bore portion 15 adjacent the annular face 17, as is seen in FIG.5. The metallic body so produced is a negative copy or replica of thebore and particularly of the face 17, the corresponding portion of themetallic intermediate body being identical with the cam face 8.

An ejector pin 21 which is dimensioned for free axial movement in thethird bore portion 22 is next introduced through the lower press platento eject the intermediate product from the die 16 while the plunger 20is withdrawn upward by the nonillustrated upper press platen, as shownin FIG. 6.

The intermediate product is next clamped in a chuck 26 on a lathe, notitself shown, while a drill 23 is moved coaxially against the rotatingmetal piece in a direction from its wider end. The drill is dimensionedto form a passage smaller in cross section than the outer diameter ofthe wide part in the intermediate product, but wider than the narrowextrudate 19' which is thereby severed from the now tubular widerportion. If so desired, the length of the tube so formed may be reducedsimultaneously to a desired value by means of a cutting-off tool 24 in aconventional manner.

When removed from the lathe, the work piece is made identical with thehinge barrel 1 by plugging or otherwise closing the end of its bore orpassage remote from the face 8. The barrel 2 which differs from thebarrel 1 only by the absence of a plug at the end of its bore and by asmaller axial length, is prepared in the same manner. The barrel 4 maybe made from the portion of the intermediate product cut off by the tool24. The studs 5, 6, 7 are attached to the associated barrels 1, 2, 4 byresistance welding in proper angular relationship of the studs 5, 6 tothe associated angular cam faces 8,9.

If so desired, the extrudate 19' on one of two cooperating barrels maybe dimensioned for insertion in the bore or passage of the other barrelas an integral or fixed hinge pin, and other modifications andvariations of the method of the invention, not requiring significantchanges in the illustrated and described shaping arrangement willreadily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated preferred shape of thecam faces 8, 9 but is equally applicable to rising hinges whose camfaces each extend in a full helix turn, the two ends of the turn beingconnected by a straight, axial face portion. These and more complexlyshaped cam faces are readily obtained by the partial extrusion processillustrated with obvious minor changes in the die. The microstructure ofthe metal in and near the faces 8, 9 obtained by the extrusion is betterthan could be obtained by mere pressure forming in a die having a closedbottom. The face 8, 9 resist frictional wear and impact better thansimilar faces made in closed dies from the same metal.

When the blank 19 consists of brass and the hydraulic press supplies anadequate extrusion force, the process shown in FIGS, 4 to 6 may beperformed without supplying external heating or cooling. Although somethermal energy is generated by the plastic deformation of the metal, theprocess is performed at temperatures near ambient or room temperature.Other metals suitable for use at room temperature include aluminum,magnesium and zinc alloys and certain mild steels.

What 1 claim is 1. A shaping arrangement comprising a. a die body formedwith an elongated, substantially straight bore having an openlongitudinal end and a plurality oflongitudinal portions differing incross section,

1. a first one of said portions extending inward from said open end,

2. said body having a shoulder in said bore separating said firstportion from a second longitudinal portion of said bore smaller in crosssection than said first portion,

3. said shoulder having an annular face directed toward said open endand defining an orifice of said second portion,

4. a circumferential part of said annular face being obliquely inclinedrelative to the direction of elongation of said bore,

5. said annular face having three additional circumferential parts,

6. two of said additional parts extending from said obliquely inclinedpart in respective planes offset in said direction and substantiallyperpendicular to said direction, and

7. the third additional part connecting said two parts and extendingbetween said planes obliquely relative to said direction; and

b. extruding means for extruding a plastically deformable material fromsaid first portion of said bore through said orifice into said secondportion, said extruding means including l. a plunger member dimensionedfor movement in said first portion in conforming engagement with saiddie body, and

2. press means for forcing said plunger member inward of said boreagainst the resistance of said material.

2. An arrangement as set forth in claim 1, further comprising an ejectortool, the other longitudinal end of said bore being open andcommunicating with said second portion, said ejector tool beingdimensioned for free longitudinal movement inward of said other end andinto said second portion for ejecting extruded material therefrom.

3. An arrangement as set forth in claim 1, wherein said plunger memberhas a substantially flat face extending in a plane perpendicular to thedirection of movement of said plunger member in said bore and facingsaid annular face during said forcing of said plunger member by saidpress means.

4. An arrangement as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first portion issubstantially cylindrical.

5. A method of forming a hinge element for a rising hinge in a shapingarrangement including a die body formed with an elongated, substantiallystraight bore having an open longitudinal end and a plurality oflongitudinal portions differing in cross section, a first one of saidportions extending inward from said open end, said body having ashoulder in said bore separating said first portion from a secondlongitudinal portion of said bore smaller in cross section than saidfirst portion, said shoulder having an annular face directed toward saidopen end and defining an orifice of said second portion, a circumferential part of said annular face being obliquely inclined relativeto the direction of elongation of said bore; and extruding means forextruding a plastically deformable material from said first portion ofsaid bore through said orifice into said second portion, said extrudingmeans including a plunger member dimensioned for movement in said firstportion in conforming engagement with said die body, and press means forforcing said plunger member inward of said bore against the resistanceof said material, which method comprises:

a. introducing an elongated blank into the first portion of said bore,

1. said blank essentially consisting of metal and being dimensioned forlongitudinal movement through said first portion, but too big formovement through said orifice;

b. forcing said plunger member inward of said bore by means of saidpress means until one portion of said metal is extruded through saidorifice while another portion of said metal conformingly engages saidannular face and an inner wall of said die body contiguously adjacentsaid an nular face in said first portion to produce a metallic bodyconforming to the shape of said bore and ofsaid face; and

. forming a passage through said metallic body in a direction from saidone portion of the same toward said other portion, the cross section ofsaid passage being greater than the cross section of said second portionof the bore in said die body, but smaller than the cross section of saidfirst portion of said bore, until said one portion of said metallic bodybecomes tubular and said other portion is severed from said onep-ortionv 6. A method of forming a hinge element for a rising hinge in ashaping arrangement including a die body formed with an elongated,substantially straight bore having an open longitudinal end and aplurality of longitudinal portions differing in cross section, a firstone of said portions extending inward from said open end, said bodyhaving a shoulder in said bore separating said first portion from asecond longitudinal portion of said bore smaller in cross section thansaid first portion, said shoulder having an annular face directed towardsaid open end and defining an orifice of said second portion, acircumferential part of said annular face being obliquely inclinedrelative to the direction of elongation of said bore, said annular facehaving three additional circumferential parts, two of said additionalparts extending from said obliquely inclined part in respective planesoffset in said direction and substantially perpendicular to saiddirection, and the third additional part connecting said two parts andextending between said planes obliquely relative to said direction; andextruding means for extruding a plastically deformable material fromsaid first portion of said bore through said orifice into said secondportion, said extruding means including a plunger member dimensioned formovement in said first portion in conforming engagement with said diebody, and press means for forcing said plunger member inward of saidbore against the resistance of said material, which method comprises:

a introducing an elongated blank into the first portion of said bore,

b 1. said blank essentially consisting of metal and being dimensionedfor longitudinal movement through said first portion, but too big formovement through said orifice;and

b. forcing said plunger member inward of said bore by means of saidpress means until onelportion of said metal 15 extruded through saidorlfice WM 0 another portion of said metal conformingly engages saidannular face and an inner wall of said die body contiguously adjacentsaid annular face in said first portion to produce a metallic bodyconforming to the shape of said bore and of said face.

1. A shaping arrangement comprising a. a die body formed with anelongated, substantially straight bore having an open longitudinal endand a plurality of longitudinal portions differing in cross section, 1.a first one of said portions extending inward from said open end, 2.said body having a shoulder in said bore separating said first portionfrom a second longitudinal portion of said bore smaller in cross sectionthan said first portion,
 3. said shoulder having an annular facedirected toward said open end and defining an orifice of said secondportion,
 4. a circumferential part of said annular face being obliquelyinclined relative to the direction of elongation of said bore,
 5. saidannular face having three additionaL circumferential parts,
 6. two ofsaid additional parts extending from said obliquely inclined part inrespective planes offset in said direction and substantiallyperpendicular to said direction, and
 7. the third additional partconnecting said two parts and extending between said planes obliquelyrelative to said direction; and b. extruding means for extruding aplastically deformable material from said first portion of said borethrough said orifice into said second portion, said extruding meansincluding
 1. a plunger member dimensioned for movement in said firstportion in conforming engagement with said die body, and
 2. press meansfor forcing said plunger member inward of said bore against theresistance of said material.
 2. said body having a shoulder in said boreseparating said first portion from a second longitudinal portion of saidbore smaller in cross section than said first portion,
 2. An arrangementas set forth in claim 1, further comprising an ejector tool, the otherlongitudinal end of said bore being open and communicating with saidsecond portion, said ejector tool being dimensioned for freelongitudinal movement inward of said other end and into said secondportion for ejecting extruded material therefrom.
 2. press means forforcing said plunger member inward of said bore against the resistanceof said material.
 3. An arrangement as set forth in claim 1, whereinsaid plunger member has a substantially flat face extending in a planeperpendicular to the direction of movement of said plunger member insaid bore and facing said annular face during said forcing of saidplunger member by said press means.
 3. said shoulder having an annularface directed toward said open end and defining an orifice of saidsecond portion,
 4. a circumferential part of said annular face beingobliquely inclined relative to the direction of elongation of said bore,4. An arrangement as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first portion issubstantially cylindrical.
 5. A method of forming a hinge element for arising hinge in a shaping arrangement including a die body formed withan elongated, substantially straight bore having an open longitudinalend and a plurality of longitudinal portions differing in cross section,a first one of said portions extending inward from said open end, saidbody having a shoulder in said bore separating said first portion from asecond longitudinal portion of said bore smaller in cross section thansaid first portion, said shoulder having an annular face directed towardsaid open end and defining an orifice of said second portion, acircumferential part of said annular face being obliquely inclinedrelative to the direction of elongation of said bore; and extrudingmeans for extruding a plastically deformable material from said firstportion of said bore through said orifice into said second portion, saidextruding means including a plunger member dimensioned for movement insaid first portion in conforming engagement with said die body, andpress means for forcing said plunger member inward of said bore againstthe resistance of said material, which method comprises: a. introducingan elongated blank into the first portion of said bore,
 5. said annularface having three additionaL circumferential parts,
 6. two of saidadditional parts extending from said obliquely inclined part inrespective planes offset in said direction and substantiallyperpendicular to said direction, and
 6. A method of forming a hingeelement for a rising hinge in a shaping arrangement including a die bodyformed with an elongated, substantially straight bore having an openlongitudinal end and a plurality of longitudinal portions differing incross section, A first one of said portions extending inward from saidopen end, said body having a shoulder in said bore separating said firstportion from a second longitudinal portion of said bore smaller in crosssection than said first portion, said shoulder having an annular facedirected toward said open end and defining an orifice of said secondportion, a circumferential part of said annular face being obliquelyinclined relative to the direction of elongation of said bore, saidannular face having three additional circumferential parts, two of saidadditional parts extending from said obliquely inclined part inrespective planes offset in said direction and substantiallyperpendicular to said direction, and the third additional partconnecting said two parts and extending between said planes obliquelyrelative to said direction; and extruding means for extruding aplastically deformable material from said first portion of said borethrough said orifice into said second portion, said extruding meansincluding a plunger member dimensioned for movement in said firstportion in conforming engagement with said die body, and press means forforcing said plunger member inward of said bore against the resistanceof said material, which method comprises: a. introducing an elongatedblank into the first portion of said bore, b
 1. said blank essentiallyconsisting of metal and being dimensioned for longitudinal movementthrough said first portion, but too big for movement through saidorifice; and b. forcing said plunger member inward of said bore by meansof said press means until one portion of said metal is extruded throughsaid orifice while another portion of said metal conformingly engagessaid annular face and an inner wall of said die body contiguouslyadjacent said annular face in said first portion to produce a metallicbody conforming to the shape of said bore and of said face.
 7. the thirdadditional part connecting said two parts and extending between saidplanes obliquely relative to said direction; and b. extruding means forextruding a plastically deformable material from said first portion ofsaid bore through said orifice into said second portion, said extrudingmeans including